Advanced Chip Design- Practical Examples In Verilog -

// Stage 1: Instruction Fetch always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n) begin pc <= 32'b0; IF_ID_instr <= 32'b0; end else begin pc <= pc_next; IF_ID_instr <= instr_mem_data; IF_ID_pc <= pc; end end

Gray code pointers, full/empty detection, metastability hardening. 5. Low-Power Design Techniques Clock Gating (Integrated with synthesis) module clock_gated_reg ( input clk, en, d, output reg q ); wire gated_clk; assign gated_clk = clk & en; // NOT for FPGA (glitchy) // Better: use latch-based AND gate reg en_latch; always @(clk or en) if (!clk) en_latch = en; assign gated_clk = clk & en_latch; Advanced Chip Design- Practical Examples In Verilog

wire [3:0] wgray = wptr ^ (wptr >> 1); wire [3:0] rgray = rptr ^ (rptr >> 1); // Stage 1: Instruction Fetch always @(posedge clk

Separate pipeline registers, hazard detection (data forwarding), branch prediction. 3. Memory Controllers & Arbitration Example: AHB-Lite Slave (Burst Write) module ahb_slave ( input HCLK, HRESETn, input HTRANS, HWRITE, HREADY, input [31:0] HADDR, HWDATA, output reg HREADYOUT, HRESP, output reg [31:0] HRDATA ); reg [31:0] memory [0:1023]; input [31:0] HADDR