5.1. A medium is sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes. If the initial number of spores is 10^6 per mL and the death rate constant is 0.5 min^-1, what is the final number of spores per mL?
4.1. A stirred-tank bioreactor has a volume of 2000 L and operates at a stirrer speed of 100 rpm. If the power input is 2 kW, what is the power per unit volume?
1.1. What are the main goals of bioprocess engineering?
Solution: The main goals of bioprocess engineering are to develop efficient, cost-effective, and safe methods for producing valuable products using biological systems.
Solution: Using the equation for sterilization, N(t) = N0 * e^(-kt), where N0 is the initial number of spores, k is the death rate constant, and t is time. N(15) = 10^6 * e^(-0.5*15) = 10^6 * e^(-7.5).