However, flat structures aren't perfect. Without clear managers, role confusion can occur. A 2023 study found that 30% of employees in flat companies reported uncertainty about who approves their projects.
Since I cannot distribute copyrighted PDF files, I can help by recreating the typically found on that page, based on the structure of the coursebook. Page 36 is usually located in Module 3 – "Organisation" (common to that textbook).
Breaking Down the Walls: The Shift to Flat Management
In contrast, a flat structure (common in tech startups like Valve or Buffer) minimizes management layers. Employees often report directly to leadership or work in self-managed teams. This encourages faster decision-making and greater responsibility.
(Answers: 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A, 5-F, 6-E) Audio 3.1 – Interview with a Team Leader
It seems you're looking for content related to (B2 Upper Intermediate level), specifically from page 36 of the PDF.
In traditional hierarchical companies (e.g., banks, government agencies), decisions flow from the top down. A CEO makes a strategic decision, which passes to VPs, then to middle managers, and finally to employees. While this provides clear authority, it can slow down innovation.
However, flat structures aren't perfect. Without clear managers, role confusion can occur. A 2023 study found that 30% of employees in flat companies reported uncertainty about who approves their projects.
Since I cannot distribute copyrighted PDF files, I can help by recreating the typically found on that page, based on the structure of the coursebook. Page 36 is usually located in Module 3 – "Organisation" (common to that textbook). the business 2.0 b2 upper intermediate pdf 36
Breaking Down the Walls: The Shift to Flat Management However, flat structures aren't perfect
In contrast, a flat structure (common in tech startups like Valve or Buffer) minimizes management layers. Employees often report directly to leadership or work in self-managed teams. This encourages faster decision-making and greater responsibility. Since I cannot distribute copyrighted PDF files, I
(Answers: 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A, 5-F, 6-E) Audio 3.1 – Interview with a Team Leader
It seems you're looking for content related to (B2 Upper Intermediate level), specifically from page 36 of the PDF.
In traditional hierarchical companies (e.g., banks, government agencies), decisions flow from the top down. A CEO makes a strategic decision, which passes to VPs, then to middle managers, and finally to employees. While this provides clear authority, it can slow down innovation.
